The charts are manufactured by card winders, such as for example Oberthur, Sagem, Gemplus, Axalto (ex Schlumberger), Gemalto, ASK - RFID…
In general, the chart is manufactured for the transmitter which will give it to its customer. When the chart is associated with a secret code, this last is communicated directly by the manufacturer with the carrier, by mail (without passing by the transmitting bank) in order to guarantee a better safety.